Global warming, known as climate change, has become a critical issue affecting various aspects of life around the world. According to the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Earth’s average temperature has increased by around 1.1 degrees Celsius since the pre-industrial era, and the impact is increasingly being felt globally. One of the most striking impacts of global warming is the increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters. Vulnerable countries, such as Indonesia, have experienced rising sea levels that threaten coastal areas and result in destructive flooding. A study published by Nature Communications in 2023 shows that more than 200 million people will be displaced due to climate change by 2050. On the other hand, the agricultural sector is also greatly affected. Changes in rainfall patterns and extreme temperatures have an impact on food production. In Europe, for example, heat waves have reduced wheat yields by 20%. Research from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) concludes that global food security will be threatened if temperatures continue to rise, triggering social conflict and migration. In a health context, global warming exacerbates health problems. Rising temperatures accelerate the spread of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 250,000 additional deaths per year will occur between 2030 and 2050 due to malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea and heat stress. The energy sector is also feeling the impact. The global energy crisis caused by dependence on fossil fuels is increasingly pressing, with many countries turning to renewable energy sources. Data from the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) shows that renewable energy capacity will increase by 10% in 2022, but more aggressive strategies are still needed to achieve the 2050 Net Zero target. At the policy level, many countries are committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Paris Agreement, signed by 196 countries in 2015, aims to keep global temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius. However, there are many challenges faced in achieving this target, especially from oil-producing countries. In the field of technology, new innovations such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and the development of electric vehicles are solutions to reduce emissions. According to a BloombergNEF report, electric vehicle sales are likely to increase 30% annually, reflecting consumer awareness of climate change. Public education and awareness also play an important role in dealing with global warming. Local and global initiatives increase knowledge about sustainability and promote eco-friendly lifestyles. Social campaigns on various social media platforms have succeeded in attracting the attention of many people, encouraging collective action to mitigate climate change. Governments and NGOs work together at the local level to mitigate the impacts of global warming through forest management projects and reforestation programs. Projects like this not only help capture carbon dioxide, but also improve air quality and provide habitat for biodiversity. These collaborative efforts are essential to creating a healthier and more sustainable environment. Climate change is a major challenge that requires collective action. All sectors—government, business, and society—must come together to address this issue, ensuring a better future for future generations.
